Acute Pancreatitis

Types of pancreatitis

Pancreatitis has two stages — acute and chronic. 急性胰腺炎是胰腺受损后突然发生的. It may also be hereditary. 慢性胰腺炎是一种更持久的疾病，当胰腺出现不可逆的疤痕时就会发生.

大多数急性胰腺炎病例是轻微的，需要短期住院以使胰腺恢复. About 20 percent of acute pancreatitis cases are severe. 重症急性胰腺炎患者平均住院时间为两个月, followed by a lengthy recovery.

有些病人可能不止一次发作急性胰腺炎, but they typically recover after each one. In the most severe cases of acute pancreatitis, the pancreas and surrounding tissue can die, resulting in shock and sometimes death.

Causes of acute pancreatitis

The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and high levels of alcohol consumption. Some less common causes of acute pancreatitis include:

• 高甘油三酯血症，当一个人有高血脂水平时就会发生
• 胰腺因其他情况或程序而受到的意外伤害或损害
• Side effects of some medications
• Viral infections like mumps or measles
• 高钙血症，一种血钙水平过高的情况
• 自身免疫性胰腺炎，一种免疫系统攻击胰腺的疾病

Symptoms of acute pancreatitis

急性胰腺炎被认为是由于胰腺中的某些酶错误地开始消化器官而引起的. 急性胰腺炎通常以胰腺所在的上腹部疼痛开始. This pain may last from a few hours to a few days.

Other symptoms include:

• 疼痛可以沿着你的背部或左肩胛骨以下
• 突然而剧烈的疼痛，或因饮食而加重的轻微疼痛
• An elevated pulse
• A fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• A swollen and tender abdomen

Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor will ask about your medical history, 进行身体检查和血液检查，以检查某些酶. During attacks of acute pancreatitis, 你的血液中所含的消化酶至少是胰腺中正常数量的三倍. There may also be changes in blood levels of glucose, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate.

Your doctor may also perform an abdominal ultrasound to look for gallstones and a computerized tomography (CT) scan to check for injury to your pancreas. 他们也可能会进行内窥镜逆行胆管造影(ERCP)来寻找胆管阻塞. In this procedure, we'll insert an endoscope, a flexible tube, down your throat into the stomach and small intestines. 我们还会给你的胰腺引流管注射一种特殊的染料它会在x光片上显示出来.

Treatment of acute pancreatitis

急性胰腺炎的治疗取决于发作的严重程度. 治疗的目标是首先降低导致胰腺发炎的消化酶水平. Most cases improve with a few days of rest and treatment. Usually, 患者住院接受静脉输液以恢复血容量和水合作用，同时接受药物治疗以控制疼痛. 如果有感染，也可能需要抗生素.

你的十大赌博平台排行榜很可能会建议低脂饮食，因为急性胰腺炎患者消化脂肪食物有困难.

Surgery for acute pancreatitis

如果出现感染、囊肿或出血等并发症，你可能需要手术. 如果胆结石是胰腺问题的原因，你可能需要切除胆囊.

如果胰腺炎的原因是胆管阻塞, 我们可以做内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)。. During this procedure, 我们使用特殊的器械去除梗阻或拓宽狭窄的胆管段.

Treatment for acute necrotizing pancreatitis

重症急性胰腺炎患者可能发展为急性坏死性胰腺炎. 在这种情况下，胰腺组织死亡，后来被感染. 急性坏死性胰腺炎发作几周后, an abscess may form on the dead tissue. 加州大学旧金山分校已经开发出切除坏死组织的外科技术，从而降低了疾病的严重程度，减少了这种疾病的死亡人数.