乳房活检-立体定向

定义

A breast biopsy is the removal of breast tissue to examine it for signs of 乳腺癌 或者其他疾病.

There are several types of breast biopsies, including stereotactic, 超声引导下，核磁共振引导和 乳腺切除活检. This article focuses on stereotactic breast biopsy, which uses mammography to help pinpoint the spot in the breast that needs to be removed. This procedure is usually done by a radiologist or surgeon.

选择的名字

Biopsy - breast - stereotactic; Core needle breast biopsy - stereotactic; Stereotactic breast biopsy; Abnormal mammogram - stereotactic breast biopsy; 乳腺癌 - stereotactic breast biopsy

如何执行测试

你被要求脱掉腰部以上的衣服. 在活检过程中，你是清醒的.

You will most likely be asked to lie facing down on the biopsy table. The breast that is being biopsied hangs through an opening in the table. The table is raised and the doctor performs the biopsy from underneath. In some cases, stereotactic breast biopsy is done while you sit in an upright position.

活检方法如下:

• The doctor first cleans the area on your breast. 注射麻药.
• The breast is pressed down to hold it in position during the procedure. You need to hold still while the biopsy is being done.
• The doctor makes a very small cut on your breast over the area that needs to be biopsied.
• Using a special machine, a needle or sheath is guided to the exact location of the abnormal area. 取了几个乳腺组织样本.
• A small metal clip may be placed into the breast in the biopsy area. The clip marks it for surgical biopsy later, if needed.

The biopsy itself is done using one of the following:

• 空心针(称为芯针)
• Vacuum-powered设备
• 针和真空驱动装置

整个过程通常需要1个小时. This includes the time it takes for the x-rays. 实际的活检只需要几分钟.

After the tissue sample has been taken, the needle is removed. Ice and pressure are applied to the site to stop any bleeding. A bandage will be applied to absorb any fluid. 不需要缝针. Adhesive strips may be placed over any wound, if needed.

如何准备考试

The health care provider will ask about your medical history. 可以做乳房检查.

如果你服用药物(包括阿司匹林), 补充, 或草药), ask your doctor whether you need to stop taking these before the biopsy.

如果你怀孕了，告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜.

Do not use lotion, perfume, powder, or deodorant underneath your arms or on your breasts.

考试的感觉如何

When the numbing medicine is injected, it may sting a bit.

During the procedure, you may feel slight discomfort or light pressure.

Lying on your stomach for up to 1 hour may be uncomfortable. 使用靠垫或枕头可能会有所帮助. Some people are given a pill to help relax them before the procedure.

After the test, the breast may be sore and tender for several days. Follow instructions on what activities you can do, 如何护理乳房, 还有你可以吃什么药来止痛.

为什么要进行测试

Stereotactic breast biopsy is used when a small growth or an area of 钙化 is seen on a mammogram, but cannot be seen using an 乳房超声检查.

The tissue samples are sent to a pathologist to be examined.

正常的结果

A normal result means there is no sign of cancer.

Your provider will let you know when you need a follow-up mammogram or other tests.

异常结果意味着什么

If the biopsy shows benign breast tissue without cancer, you will likely not need surgery.

Sometimes the biopsy results show abnormal signs that are not cancer. 在这种情况下, a surgical biopsy might be recommended to remove the whole abnormal area for examination.

Biopsy results may show abnormal conditions such as:

• 非典型导管增生
• 非典型小叶增生
• 导管内乳头状瘤
• 扁平上皮异型性
• 径向疤痕
• 小叶分界
• Fibroepithelial病变
• Mucocele-like病变

如果活检结果是良性的, 你可能不需要进一步治疗了, though sometimes surgery to remove a benign condition is recommended. 如果活检显示异常情况, you may be referred to a surgeon to discuss a surgical biopsy to remove the entire area and test it more thoroughly.

Depending on the surgical biopsy results, you may need further surgery or treatment.

Your provider will discuss the meaning of the biopsy results with you.

风险

There is a slight chance of infection at the injection or surgical cut site.

Bruising is common, but excessive bleeding is rare.

参考文献

美国放射学会网站. ACR practice parameter for the performance of stereotactic-guided breast interventional procedures. www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/stereo-breast.pdf. 更新2020. 于2023年4月6日发布.

卡梅伦J. 乳房. In: 卡梅伦J, ed. 目前的外科治疗. 14日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:717-808.

Henry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. 乳腺癌. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff临床肿瘤学. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 88.